The Thai and Burmese leaders discussed closer economic and political cooperation Wednesday in Burma's administrative capital, Naypyitaw.
Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and Burma's President Thein Sein also witnessed a signing ceremony on border road construction.
Before the visit, a Thai government source said discussions would focus on economic cooperation such as energy cooperation, as Thailand imports natural gas from Burma.
Ms. Yingluck met with the country's top officials, but not with opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
President Thein Sein also hosted a dinner for the Thai leader and her delegation during the one-day visit.
Last month, the Thai leader paid a similar one-day visit to Cambodia, where she began a process of improving bilateral ties frayed by a series of border skirmishes between troops from both nations that occurred ahead of her taking office in August.
Burma is in the process of national reconciliation following its first election after 20 years last November. Representatives of the new government inaugurated earlier this year have met with Aung San Suu Kyi to discuss the issue.